Loom for weaving pile fabric



March 9, 1948. l E. F. CLARK 2,437,379

` y LOOM FOR WEAVING PILE FABRIC Filed April a, 194e s sheets-sheet 1March 9, 1948. E. F. CLARK 2,437,379

V L00 FOR WEAVING ?ILE FABRIC FilAed April 8, 1946 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 l'Ill Y Ell March'9, 1948. E. F. CLARK K Y I L00 FOR WEAVING PILE FABRICFiled April 8, 1946 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 Malch 9, E, F CLARK Loon FoRwEAvING PILE FABRIC Filed April 8, 194s 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 March 9, 1948.y E. F; CLARK 2,437,379

LOOII FOR WEAVING PILE FABRIC Filed April a, V194e; 9 sheets-sheet 5Unsinn l March 9, 1948.

E. F. CLARK LGOII' FOR WEAVING PILE FABRIC 9 sheets-sneu 6 med April s.194e K Y @WZ- March 9, 1948, E. F. @mL/RKl 2,437,379

' 'Loon Fon mamme PILE FABRIC Filed April 8,. 194s 9 sneetssheet 7 March9, 1948.

E. F. CLARK LOOM FOR 'NEM/'ING PILE FABRIC vFiled April a, 194e 9Sheets-Sheet 8 Mardi 9, 1948. E F, CLARK' 2,437,379

Loon" Fon wEAvING PILE FABRIC Filed April a, 1946 9 sheets-sheet 9Patented Mar. 9, 1948 LOOM FOR WEAVING PILE FABRIC Eugene F. Clark,Damariscotta, Maine, assignor to Marshall lField and Company, Chicago,Ill.,

a corporation of Illinois Application April 8, 1946, Serial No. 660,573

12 Claims. (Cl. 139-46) My invention relates to looms for use in weavingof pile fabrics for use in carpets,v rugs and the like and also to thefabric itself and has for its primary object the provision of a loom forrapid weaving of pile fabrics and which is practically automatic in itsoperation and requires very little attention on the part of a weaverexthe cept to keep the loom supplied with material, and I embodiesspecifically actuating means for the pile yarn weaving mechanism shownand vdescribed in my copending application Serial NoQ 566,853, filedDecember 6, 1944, of which this application is a continuation-impart.

One of the main objects of my invention is the provision of pile weavingmechanisms which can be incorporated into a loom adapted to produce theusual base fabric comprised of the usual warp and filler yarns, and inwhich the pile weaving means functions and operates with the specific.

weaving apparatus of a loom which produces the base fabric. Y

Anotherv and further object of my invention is the provision of a loomfor weaving either one shot ller fabric or two shot iiller fabric andwhich can be easily changed from a one shot to a two shot loom indistinction to the usual three shot loom of the'Axminster type.

Another and further object of my invention is the provision of a loom inwhich heavy pile fabric for use as carpets, rugs and the like can bewoven rapidly with extremely simple weaves with a body of sufficientweight and thickness to insure proper laying of the fabric on a oor andto insure long wear and lasting qualities.

Another and further object of my invention is the provision of a loom inwhich an improved fabric is produced both from the standpoint ofmanufacturer and user, in that I am able to produce a fabric in whichthe yarn making up the pile is closer together, particularly immediatelyadjacent the base fabric than is common with fabrics of this typeheretofore woven. thereby eliminating the spaces between the tufts ofpile and on the surface of the base fabric under which dirt lodges inthe use of oor coverings,

' and in which, when such rugs and carpets are cleaned the cleaneragents can be completely removed thereby eliminating the chance of thismaterial remaining in the fabric causing the fabric to deteriorate,thereby vimproving the wearing qualities of the fabric and increasingits life.

Another and further object of my invention is y the provision of a loomfor the weaving of pile fabrics in which the pile is woven in the formof loops simultaneously with the weaving of the fabric with the pileyarn drawn around and in frictional engagement with the fingers therebyproviding a backingagainst which the fabric is beat up thereby enablinga. more closely woven v 2 and tighter fabric than what has been'producedheretofore.

Another and further object of my invention is the provision of pileweaving means which can be combined in many ways with a loom whichweaves the usual base fabric. comprised of the usual warp `and, fillerin such manner that the pile is interwoven with the base fabric in onecomplete andcontinuous operation.

These and other objects of my invention will be more fully and betterunderstood and in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the power transmitting mechanism of aloom showing the Filler inserting needle and operating means there-f fortaken from the front of the loom.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of a portion of the frame of a loomshowing the power means and gear transmission for the operation of aloom taken from the rear of the 100m.

Figure 3 is a perspective view taken from the front of the loom showingthe frame of the loom and a portion of the pile inserting mechanism.

Figure 4 is a rear view taken in perspective of the samev side of theloom as Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a perspective view of the operating cams and connectingshafts showing particularly the operating parts for the pile guideframes taken from the front of the loom.

Figure 6 is a rear perspective view of the operating cams for the pileguide frame and operating parts,

Figure 7 is a detailed elevational view ofthe `one end of the pileinserting guide frame and operating parts therefor.

Figure 8 is a detailed elevational view of the pile frame and operatingparts therefor for .one shot operation.

Figure 9 is a detail of the cam shown in Figure 8 with a segmentsecuredthereto for use in the two shot operation of the loom.

Figure 10 is a detail view of one ofthe fingers, the 'pile insertionguides and a section of the cloth rest.

Figure 11 is a detailed elevational view through a section of one shotfabric slightly expanded to show the relative position of the warp andpile yarn.

Figure 12 is a detailed elevational view through a section of two shotfabric somewhat expanded to show the'position of the warp and illleryarns and with all warps at equal tension.

Figure 13 is a detailed elevation view through a i section of two shotfabric showing the fabric somewhat approximating the completed fabric,with unequal tension warps.

Referring now specifically to the ldrawings and in which like referencecharacters refer to like parts throughout, a main loom frame 20 is shownhaving an auxiliary frame 2l at one side thereof upon which the powersupply together with certain of the power shafts and gears are mountedwith auxiliary framemembers 22 and 23, which are mounted on the frame 20and extend upwardly from said frame and have the pile yarn beam mountedthereon (not shown) together with V certain of the pile yarn weavingmechanism hereinai'ter described. A motor 24 is provided on the frame 2|having a gear 25 mounted on the motor shaft and in mesh with a secondgear 26, which, in turn, is mounted upon a jack shaft 21 upon which agear 28 is mounted, which, in turn, meshes with a large gear wheel 29upon the main loom drive shaft I5, this shaft 30 extending across themain frame 28 and the auxiliary frame 2|, and through which power forall of the weaving operations is applied to the various operating partsof the loom, either directly from this shaft 38. or indirectly throush agear 3| mounted upon the main shaft 38, which meshes withva gear 32mounted upon a secondary power shaft 33, which also extends transverselyacross both the main frame 20 and the auxiliary frame 2| and to whichsome oi' the .operating parts of the loom are connected. The

gear 8| has a ratio of 2 to 1 with respect to the gear 82 so that witheach two revolutions of the shaft 88 the secondary power shaft 33 makesone revolution.

Also mounted upon the main power shaft 30 is a bevel gear 34, whichmeshes with a bevel gear 35 on the end of a shaft 36 upon which a gear31 is mounted, which, in turn, meshes with a gear 38, which is mountedupon a short axle secured to ,the auxiliary frame 2|, and has a crankarm 39 secured thereto to which a second arm 40 is secured, this arm 48being secured by means of a stud 4I to a lever 42 pivotally mounted atits lower end to the frame `2| at the front of the loom. A needle guide43 is provided which is mounted on the auxiliary frame 2| upon an arm 44by means of a link 45, and at its inner end is mounted upon a bracket 46secured to the main-frame 28 of the loom, the needle guide 43 having acrosshead 41 slidably mounted thereon to which the rear end of a needle48 is secured. with the front end of the needle 48 passing through aguide 49 secured to the cloth rest 50 of the loom, which, in turn, ismounted upon the main frame 20. A link connects the crosshead 41 withthe upper end of the lever 42 so that as the main drive shaft 30 of theloom rotates the lever 42 isoscillated and the needle moved into and outof the shed of the loom. carrying the filler threads into the shed ofthe loom between the warps during the weaving operation. The gearsconnecting the main drive shaft 39 with the lever 42 are of 1 to 1relation with each other and the travel of the needle is continuousexcept as it reverses its position at each end of its travel, the needlebeing drawn out a sumcient distance so that as it travels out of theshed of the loom back to a stationary position and then returns to theshed of the war-p, suillcient time has elapsed for the beat-up operationto take place and the heddles to shed the warp so that the warp is inposition to receive another shot of Cams 52 and 53 are provided whichare mounted on the main power shaft 30 and with rocker arms 54: 54 on ashaft 55 mounted in the main frame 28 with rollers 56, 56 on the ends ofthe rocker arms 54, 54 operating in closed tracks` in the cams 52 and 53with rocker arms 51, 51 mounted on the shaft 55, on the upper ends ofwhich a reed box 58 is mounted, having the usual reed dents 59positioned therein. Heddle guides -shaft 33 and which operate to shedthe warp threads carried by warp beams in the usual manner upon the mainframe of the machine and not shown in the present drawings. Theseoperations are all carried on in synchronism with the operation of theneedle 48 and the operation of the reeds 59 to perform the beat-upoperations in the weaving of the base fabric. The mechanism heretoforedescribed is common to various types and kinds of' looms for the weavingof the base fabric in pile materials and is all old and Well known inthe art.

My invention has to do with the pile yarn weaving means and comprises afinger bar 69, which extends across the main frame 20 of the loom andsecured to the heddle bar guides 60 and 6| by means of angles 10, 10,the bar having a plu- -rality of spaced fingers 1|, 1| thereon which areinclined downwardly and extend forwardly towardsthe front of the loomparallel with the warps and in front of the heddles 62 and 63 andterminate immediately above the marginal edge of the cloth rest 50, andin the form shown have blades 12, 12 therein for the purpose of severingthe loops of the pile thread after these loops are formed on the fingers1|, 1| as will be more fully hereinafter described. The fingers 1| arenotched at their rear ends and t over a rib cap 14 tted over the upperends of the ngers 1|,

1| which is held in position by means of screws 15, 15.

A pair of frames 16 and11 are pivotally mountd ed upon shaft 18journalled in brackets 19 and secured to the inner faces of theupstanding frame members 22. and 23. The members 16 and 11 have channelmembers 8|, 8| thereon at their lower front edges within which a pair ofbars 82 and 83 are slidably mounted having a plurality of pile yarnguides 84, 84 therein, these guides having openings 85, 85 in the lowerends thereof through which the pile yarn passes during the operation oftheloom. The bars 82 and 83 are slotted at their ends and have bolts 86,86 extending therethrough in the slots and through the channel members8|, 8| with spacers 81, 81 being provided so that the bars 82 and 83 arenormally spaced apart from each other to allow space for the pile yarnsto pass between the bars 82 and 83 as they are threaded through theguides 84 in bar 82, The guides 84, 84 are removably mounted inYopenings formed in the underside of the bars 82 and 83 respectively,and are held in position by means of screws 88, 88. A pair of rods 89and 90 are provided which are pivotally secured to the members 16 and 11near the forward ends thereof, and at their lower ends are pivotallyattached to crank members 8|, 8| mounted upon a shaft 92 which isjournalled at each of its ends in bearings secured to the main frame 28.

An arm 83 is attached to the shaft 82 which in turn has a rod 84attached thereto and which extends rearwardly and is connected to arocker link 93 secured at its lower end to a bracket 93 mounted'upon theframe 20. A cam 91 is mounted upon the secondary power shaft 33, thiscam 91 having two low faces 98 and 99 thereon', and two high surfacesand |0I, these surfaces providing a track for a roller |02 which ismounted upon the link 95 so that as the cam rotates, the arm 95 isoscillated, which through its various connections including a. spring|03 which is attached to the link 9|, causes the members 16 and 11 tooscillate in a vertical plane, thus bringing the guides 84, 84 into andout of the shed oi the loom carrying with them pile yarns which arewoven linto the fabric simultaneously with the weaving of the basefabric, Aas will be more fully described hereinafter. v

Cam guards |04 and |05 are provided which are secured to the main cam bymeansl of brackets |08, |03 and provide a closed cam immediatelyopposite the high places |00 and |0| provide for smooth operation of theframes and 1'1` during the operation of the loom. As the roller |02travels on the lower surfaces 98 and 99 the link 93 moves forward,thereby permitting the frames 13 and 11 to drop into voperative relationinto the shed of the loom while as the high cam surfaces |00 and |0|reach the roller |02, the frames v 18 and 11 are forced upward so thatthe guidesl 84, 84 are above the warp and fingers 1|, 1| as shown inFigure 10. The operations heretofore described are in timed relationwith the needle 48 and the beat-up mechanism during the normal one-shotoperation of the loom. In Figure 9 a cam segment |01 is secured' to thecam 91 across the low face 99 by means of brackets |08, |08 so that asthe cam 91 rotates with the segment |01 attached to it, only one descentof the guides, 84, 84 will be made into the shed of the loom 6 |2| and|22 which are mounted in a block |23 fixed to a shaft |24. the .shaft|24 being slidably mounted in a U-shaped member which is secured to theside of the upstanding frame mem-` ber 22. A- bracket |28 is secured tothe outer face of the frame member 22, and has a bell crank |21 mountedthereon which is connected to the outer end of the shaft 24 and to a rod|28 secured at its lower end to a lever |29 mountmounted upon thesecondary power shaft 33.

with the rotation of the secondary power shaft.

33 and which operates in timed relation with the needle 48 and beat-upmechanism and'producesA a two shot fabric. In the operation of the .loomthis two shot fabric is as illustrated in Figures 12 and 13, a fabric inwhich only alternate shots of filler pass through the pile loops attheir bottoms.

MountedV upon the frames 1E and 11 are rolls |09 and ||0 in spacedrelation with each other,j

each of which has snap rolls and ||2 thereon mounted upon pins ||3, ||3in the rolls |09 and ||0. Brackets ||4 controlled by springs ||5 aremounted upon each of the rolls |09 and ||0, which with the snap rollsand ||2 form a combination which provides means by which the requiredtension is maintained upon the pile yarn which is threaded around therolls |09 and ||0 and the sna'p rolls and ||2 and /the slack in the pileyarn is taken out at the beginning of the ascent of the guides 84, 84after they have reached the lowermost point of their travel into theshed of the loom and commence the return to their normal position abovethe warp. A comb ||9 having pins ||1, ||1 thereon in spaced relationwith each other is secured to the forward edge of the members 1B and 11with the pile yarn being fed between the pins or teeth ||1 on the comb||6 so Athat the strandsof pile yarn do not become tangled or twistedwith each other as they pass to the guides 84, 8 4.

An arm ||8 is provided, one end of which is attached to the bars 82 and83,'the other end of which is attached to a lever ||9 pivotally mountedupon a bracket |20 which is secured to the side of the frame 18 the rearend of the lever' ||3v extending rearwardly between a pair of pins TheYcam |33 is bolted to the face of the gear wheel |34 and has a high camsurface |35 and a low cam surface |35, these surfaces being equal indistance around the periphery 0f the cam |33 which forms a track vforthe roller 3|. The gear |34 is normally secured 'inv fixed'rotatablerelation with the secondary power shaft 33 by means of a key |31, sothatthe vgear |34V and the cam I 33 rotate in synchronism Iwith thesecondary power shaft 33 when the loom is in oper- `the shaft |40 havinga gear |43 mounted on the outer end thereof with a second gearv |44mounted on the inner end thereof in mesh' with the gear |34 on thesecondary power shaft 33. The gears |39 and |43 are in ratio with eachother, while the gear ratio of the gear |44 with respect to the gear |34is 2-|. A threaded bolt |45 is mounted on a collar forming an integralpart of the gear |44, and in the normal operation of the loom whenweaving the one shot fabric, this bolt |45 is out of engagement withtheshaft |40 although this entire gear train operates, the gear |44rotates on the shaft |40, although this shaft |40 is rotating it travelsat only one half the speed of the gear |44. When it is desired toconvert the loom to weave the two shot fabric, the key |31 is removedfrom the gear wheel |34 and the screw |45 is turned up into engagementwith the shaft |40, whereupon the cam|33 is' driven through the gears|39, |43 and |44, rotating the cam |33 at one-half the speed at which itnormally travels in the operation of the loom for the two shot Weave. Itwill be understood that as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the roller |13| ison the high side of the cam |33 and a's the roller |3| travels onto thelow cam surface |35, the spring |32 lifts the lever |29, resulting in anupward thrust in the f the ngers 1|, this movement taking place justprior to the time when the roller |02 is about to reach one of the lowsides of the cam 91, resulting in the descent of the pile yarn guides84, 84 into the'shed of the loom carrying the :Mazara pile yarns withthem in which Position the needle 45 traverses transversely ofthe loom,carrying with it the two strands of flller normally used in the basefabric into the open warp and above the pile yarn. As the needle 45 iswithdrawn the cam 91 has reached a point where the roller |02 engages onone of the high surfaces of this cam, resulting dn forcing the frames 1land 11 upward and carrying the pile yarn guides 84, I4 out of the shedof the loom. A beating up 09eration thereupon takes place through thecams 52 and 53 mounted on the main power shaft 30. of the loom.

Mounted upon the cloth rest 55 is a pair of bracketsl |45 and |41 whichhave blocks |45, |48 mounted thereon by means of bolts |4l and |50, andupon which a shaft is mounted, this shaft |5| having disks |52 thereon,with spacers` |53 mounted between the disks |52 which serves to spacethe disks |52 apart from each other approximately the same distance asthe spacing of the fingers 1|, this construction forming a roll whichextends across the loom-from side to side with the disks |52 passingbetween the rows of pile loops with the fingers 1| extending between thedisks |52 so as to hold the fabric down in place upon the cloth rest 50and prevents an undue amount of lifting force on the fingers 1| when thepile thread `guides 84, 84 ascend, drawing the pile thread yarns aroundthe flller. and because of the tension on the pile thread yarns, exertsa considerable upward pulling force on the fingers and tending to liftthe fabric upward away from the cloth rest -50 unless some -means isprovided for holding the fabric down taut upon the cloth rest.

The usual let off and take up mechanism is employed which is operated bycams |53 (Fig. 3) and |54 (Fig. 5) on the main loom power shaft 30,these elements being common to all looms and form no part of my presentinvention. Likewise, particularly in Figure 1, a lever |55 is shownwhich is connected to a clutch which is connected through a series ofshafts and levers to a clutch mechanism, which clutch mechanismconnected with the gear wheel 28 is mounted on the jack shaft 21, whichmechanism forms a convenient means for the operator to start and stopthe loom and which mechanism is common to all looms and forms no part ofmy present invention.

'I'he fabric as woven on the loom heretofore described is illustrated inFigures 11 to 13 inclusive of the drawings. The warp and filler beams,as well as the Warp, filler and pile yarn, are not shown in the drawingsillustrating the loom, because the warp and filler beams are standardequipment and their position and relation to the loom are wellunderstood by those skilled in the art. If the warp, pile and iilleryarn were shown in the drawings, the various working parts of the loomwould be obscured and it is believed the operation of the loom and theweave can be readily understood by those skilled in the art of weaving.

The fabric as illustrated comprises groups of warps, each groupyconsisting preferably of four warps a, b, c and d, each group beingspaced a short distance from the adjacent group so as to receive thepile yarn e between each group of i warps, producing rows of tufts f,with the warps a, b, c and d being grouped close together, and sopositioned in the loom that one of the fingers 1| is immediately abovethe center of each of those groups of warps. The pile yarn is carriedinto the shed of the loom st one side of the fingers 1| and at one sideof each group of warps so the warps a and d of each group are in contactwith the sides of the pile yarn. Alternate warps are shedded in the samedirection by the harnesses, the warps a-c being controlled by oneharness, while the warps b-d are controlled by the other harness. sothat the warps ac are parallel with each other, while the warps bd arealso parallel with each other in the weave illustrated in Figures 1l and12.

Even tension is maintained in all of the warps shown in Figures 11 andl2 with tutfs j anchored around each shot of filler composed of twocords an' made of strong material, preferably Jute, and which is placedin position by the needle 45 and anchored into selvage edges on eachside of the fabric mechanism common to looms of this type and whichforms no part of my present invention. Because of the fact that thefiller cords are very strongvand are securely anchored at each side ofthe fabric, as the pile yarn is woven into the fabric and beat up thewarps are pressed tightly together at hh, the points where they crosseach other because of the shedding operation"`performed by the heddles,until slight recesses are formed at the sides of the warps within whichthe next adjacent warps are partially embedded, producing tension in thewoven fabric to a slight degree in a tlllerwise direction and bindingthe tufts ff tightly in the fabric at their sides. In the use of oneshot fabric, the bases of the tufts f are in abutting relation with eachother in a warpwise direction, and because of the fact that the fabricis beat up against the friction of the pile yarn about the fingers 1I ashereinafter described, as well as the tension of the warps, a very tightweave is produced, in which the tufts ,f are firmly secured and cannoteasily be removed.

In the two shot weave illustrated in Figure 12, with all of the warpsunder equal tension, instead of the bases of the tufts f being inengagement with each other, a shot of filler ga is placed on the fabricand as'it is. beat up against the base of the preceding tuft f, and onits opposite `side has the next succeeding rows of tufts f beat upagainst it, thereby anchoring the tufts and providing a slightly heavierbase and slightly lighter pile than what I have illustrated anddescribed vwith reference to vthe one shot fabric illustrated in Figure11.

In Figure 13 a two shot weave is illustrated in which the arrangement ofthe warps is the same as in the weaves heretofore described with theexception that certain of the warps a and c in the form illustrated areplaced under greater tension than the warps b and d, preferably thewarps b and d being under about one-half of the tension applied to thewarps a and c. The tension of thewarps a and c is determined by theweaver and may be slightly in excess of that usually used upon all ofthe warps in normal weaves of pile fabrics, and I have found that withthe alternate warps being about one-half the tension of the warps a andc, that when the warps a and c are shedded up, the pile yarn insertedand the shot of filler placed in position, with the slack warps underthe shot of ller passing through the pile loops, this filler will be lowin the fabric. Upon the next shedding of the warps, the loose warps areup, the taut warps down, the filler is placed in between these warps andbeat up into engagement with the pile yarn above its base, and alsoforming a backing against which the next succeeding row of pile yarnloops is-positioned, thereby in eifect locking the piley loops in Inoperation the loom is simple and will be yunderstood as designed forcontinuous operation as long as materials are supplied to it, with thewarps being supplied from beams, usually two or' more in number mountedon the rear of the frame 28, in the .usual manner, preferably with vthewarps a and c being carried by one beam.

and the warps b and d by another, and in the case of fabric illustratedin Figure 13 this ar rangement of the warp beams is necessary in orderthat different tension be applied to different sets of warps. The warpspass through the heddles 82 and 88, and are grouped as herein abovedescribed, while filler yarn is supplied tothe loom and inserted intothe warp by means of -the needle 48, this combination -being old andwell known in the art, f y

The pile yarns are supplied from a beam usually mounted in the frameportions 22 and 28 with the strands preferably threaded under the snaproller ||2, over the roller |88. around and under the snap roller andover the roller Ill, between the teeth ||1 on the comb I I8, and thencethrough the guides 84, the strands preferably being divided, alternate'strands passing behind the bar 83 and threaded forwardly through theeye 85 inthe guides 84.l 84 mounted in the bar` 88 while the otherstrands are threaded bei tween the bars 82 and 83 and forwardly throughthe eye 85 in the guides 84, 84 in the front bar 82. In the form showntwo strands of ber yarn are simultaneously yinserted in the shed of theloom and the two bars 82 and 83 are shifted in unison during theoperation of the loom.:

It will be understood that the operation of all of the parts whichco-operate to form the base fabric is continuous, which includes theneedle 48 and the beating up mechanism including the reed dents 58, bothof which are operated from themain drive shaft 30, while the heddles 62and 83 are operated from the secondary power shaft 33 in timed relationhowever with the operation of the needle 48 and beat up mechanism, andthat the operation of the pile yarn weaving parts, with which myinvention is primarily concerned is timed to work in synchronism withthe continuous operation of the base fabric weaving mechanism. I

Assuming that the loom is weaving the oneshot fabric illustrated inFigure l1, and for purposes of Aillustration a complete cycle ofoperation of these loom parts takes place with each completed functionof all of the mechanism, it will be understood that the secondary powershaft 33 makes only one revolution while the main power shaft 38revolves twice, due to the gear ratio of the gear wheels 3| and 32, andthat the needle 48 makes one complete in and out movement with cachrevolution of the main shaft 30. As the needle 48 is withdrawn from theWarp, the cam |33 functions through the roller 3|, lever |28, rod |28and connections to the bars 82 and 83 to move these bars 82 and 83 andpile yarn guides 84 laterally to a position directly above the spacesbetween the fingers 1|, 1|. Simultaneously with this operation, and Yasthe needle leaves the shedded warp a beat up stroke-is made beating upthe shot of ller gg left by the needle 48 and the warps are shedded. Asthe warps are shedded.

the roller |82 is starting to ascend in one of the high sides of the cam81 and through its connections to the frames 18 and 11 these framesdescend bringing the pile guides 84, 84 between the fingers 1| 1|carrying thek pile yarns with them over the tops of the ngers 1l. 1| andforming loops therev over, because the pile yarns are always anchored inthe fabric onv the opposite sides of the fingers 1|, 1| between whichthe guides 84, 84 descend due to the previous shifting of these guides.

v'I'he guides 84, 84 descend into the shed of the loom below the path oftravel of the needle 48. and dwell lthere momentarily while'the roller|82v remains on one of the low surfaces of the cam 81. VDuring thisdwell the needle 48 makes an in and outmovement, placing a shot offiller in between the shedded warps and into the v-shapcd space formedby the guides 84, 84 and pile yarns extending below the lingers 1|, 1|,the shot oi' filler being in front of the guides 84, 84 and behind thestrands of pile yarns. As the needle 48 is withdrawn the roller |82 runsonto one of the highk sides of the cam 81, forcing the frames 'I8 and 11upward with the guides 84. 84 out'of the shed of the loom. As the guides84, 84 ascend, the pile yarns are drawn around the under side of thefiller yg, which is drawn up snugly against the under side ofthe ngers1| 1| while the pile yarns are also drawn snugly over the fingers 1 I,1|

guides 84, 84. As the guides 84, 84 ascend, the

beat up mechanism again functions, the filling including the pile loopsare beat up against the fabric previously woven, and against the usualtension of the warp, and because of the frictional engagement of theloops of pile yarns around the fingers 1|, 1| a fairly solid backgroundof fabric is produced against whichthe beat up operation takes place,thus enabling a much tighter woven fabric to be produced than what hasbeen possible heretofore. Each pile yarn thus is' beat up onitseif atits front and rear at the base. with pressure by the Warps on each sideas herein above described, so the pile yarn is very firmly anchored inthe base of the fabric, although the weave is a simple one.

While the beat up operation is taking place, the warp ls'shedded by theheddles, the rod |28 ls pulled downward, andvthrough the bell crank |21and its connections to the bars 82 and 88, these frames 18 and 11ascend, and these operations combine with the bars 82 and 83 shoggingthe pile yarns over the lingers 1 I, V1| with each operation of theframes 18 and 11. In each complete cycle of operation with thefunctioning of all of the elements two shots of filling are placed inthe fabric, and two rows of pile loops are formed on the fingers r1|,1|, the main drive shaft 88 re.

volves twice 'and the secondary power shaft 88 revolves once. l

- In weaving the fabric illustrated in FigureslZ and 13, thesegment|81is secured to the cam 81 over one of the low surfaces so this cam 81is andere converted into a cam having only one low surface extendingapproximately one fourth of the distance of the periphery of this cam.The key |31 is removed from cam |35 and the bolt |45 tightened so thegear wheel |44 is in fixed engagement with the shaft |40. These changesin the cam 91 result in the guides 84, 84 making only one descent intothe shed oi.' thev loom with each rotation of the secondary power shaft33, and because only one descent is made, the bars 82 and 83 are shiftedonlyA once, thereby shogging the pile yarns just prior to such descent,so only alternate shots of filling have pile loops placed around them,the shots of filling not through the pile loops forming binders for thebases of the pile loops. The weaving for each of thefabrics illustratedin Figures 12 and 13 are the same in each instance, the difference inthe level of the filler in the weaves being produced by less tension onone set of warps than on the other as heretofore explained.

In the weaves illustrated in Figures 11, 12 and 13 as the base fabric iswoven, and pile yarns are interwoven therewith simultaneously with theweaving of the base fabric, the pile yarn strands are shogged back andforth on the fingers and then carried into the warp by the guides 84, 84on alternate sides of the fingers 1I, 1| where the pile yarns areinterwoven with the warp and filler into a series of loops over thengers 'll which are successively formed and as the beat up operationscombine and the fabric is formed the loops are forced along the fingerstowards the ends thereof until they reach the knives where they aresevered through their tops thus producing the usual pile on fabrics ofthis type and'kind. The fingers'll are in effect interwoven in thefabric with the pile loops being in engagement therewith at their topsand sides while the ller is in frictlonal engagement with the undersideof these ngers thus providing a background against which subsequentformations of the fabric are beat up. The pile yarns are in continuousstrands in the fabric after it is woven until severed by the knives inthe fingers 'Il and is therefore under control until firmly woven in thefabric thus producing a tight weave. If loop pile is desired, then theknives are omitted from the fingers 1|. 1| and the loops formed on thesefingers pass over the ends without being severed.

It is to be understood that this application is not to be limited by theexact embodiments of the device shown. which are merely by way ofillustration and not limitation as various and other forms of the devicewill, of course, be apparent to those skilled in the art withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims.

I claim:

1. In combination with a loom, a plurality of spaced fingers extendingwarpwise of the loom, a pair of frames vertically movable on the saidloom, a pile'thread guide bar slidably mounted on said frames, pilethread guides in said bar, means whereby the said pile thread guides areshogged to various positions over the said fingers and means whereby thesaid frames are moved in vertical planes thereby carrying the pilethread guides into the shed of the loom.

2. In combination with a loom, a plurality of spaced fingers extendingwarpwise of the loom and in fixed relation therewith, verticallyreciprocating frames on said loom, a pile thread guide bar slidablymounted on said frames, pile thread guides mounted in said guide bar,means operated by the power mechanism of the loom whereby the said bars'are shifted laterally on' said frames.

and means whereby the pile'thread guides are moved into and out of theshed of the loom at predetermined times 3. In combination with a loomhaving a reciprocating needle for insertion of the filler yarn as thefabric is woven, a plurality of spaced fingers mounted at one of theirends on said loom and free attheir lother ends substantially spanningthe space between the loom heddles and the cloth rest on the loom. apair of vertically movable frames, a pile thread guide bar on saidframes laterally movable thereon, spaced pile thread guides in said bar,means connected with the 'power mechanism of the loom whereby the guidesare moved laterally on said frames at predetermined times, and meanswhereby the pile thread guides are moved into and out of the shed of theloom in synchronism with the operation of the ller yarn insertionneedle.

4. In combination with a loom having a reciprocating needle forinsertion of the filler yarn as the fabric is woven, a plurality ofspaced fingers mounted at one of their ends on said loom and free attheir other ends substantially spanning the space between the loomheddles and the cloth rest on the loom, a pair of vertically mov ableframes, a pile thread guide bar on said frames laterally movablethereon. spaced pile thread guides in said bar, a rotating cam on thepower shaft of the loom, and connections from said cam to said pile yarnguide bar whereby the said pile yarn guide bar is shogged over the saidfingers, a second cam on the power shaft of the loom, connectionstherefrom to the said movable frames whereby the pile thread guides aremoved into and out of the shed of the loom, both shogging operation and'movement of the guides into the shed of the loom being in timed relationwith the operation of the ller yarn inserting needle.

5. In combination with a loom having a reciprocating needle for theinsertion of 1111er yarn as the fabric is woven, a plurality of spacedfingers mounted at one of their ends and free at the other extendingparallel with the warp threads, a pair of movable frames, pile threadguide bars slidably mounted on the forward end of the said frames, pilethready guides mounted in the said bars, a plurality of rotating camsactuated by the power shaft of the loom, connecting means from one ofsaid cams to the said frames whereby the said pile yarn guides are movedinto and out of the shed of the loom, and connections from 'the other ofsaid cams to the pile yarn guide bars whereby the said guide bars areslidably moved on the said frames, both of these latter operations beingperformed in synchronism with the operation of the reciprocating needle.

6. In combination with a loom having a recip-y rocating needle for theinsertion of filler yarn as the fabric is woven, a, plurality of spacedfingers mounted at one of their ends and free at the other extendingparallel with the warp threads, a pair of movable frames, pile threadguide bars slidably mounted on the forward end of the said frames, pilethread guides mounted in the said bars, a plurality of rotating camsactuated by the power shaft of the loom, connecting means from one thesaid guide bars are slidably moved on the y said frames", both of theselatter operations being performed in synchronism with the operation ofthe reciprocating needle, and means whereby the operation of the camscan be changed to alter the timing of the shogging of the pile yarnguides and their descent and ascent into the shed of the loom.

7. In combination with a loom having means for the insertion of filleryarn during the `Weaving process, a plurality of fillerwise spacediingers mounted on the loom at one of their ends and free at their otherends extending parallel with the warp, vertically movable frames on saidloom, a plurality of pile yarn guide bars mounted for sliding fillerwisemovement in said frames pile yarn guides in said bars, a rotating cam ona power shaft of said loom, a lever operated by said cam, a bell crank,connections from the bell crank to the pile yarn guide bars, a rodconnecting the lever with said bell crank whereby the pile yarnguidesare shogged over the said fingers, a second rotating cam on apower shaft of the loom, and operating connections actuated by saidsecond cam whereby the'pile yarn guides are moved into and out of theshed of the loom at pre-determined times.

8. In combination with a loom having means for the insertion of filleryarn during the weaving process, a plurality of fillerwise spacedilngers mounted on the loom at one of their ends and free at their otherends extending parallel with the warp, vertically movable frames on saidloom, a plurality of pile yarn guide bars mounted for slidingf'lllerwise movement on said frames pile yarn guides in said bars, arotating cam on a power shaft of said loom, a lever operated by saidcam, a bell crank, connections from the bell crank to the pile yarnguide bars, a rod connecting the lever with said bell crank whereby thepile yarn guides are shogged over the said lingers, a second rotatingcam on a powershaft of the loom, and operating connections actuated bysaid second cam whereby the pile yarn guides are moved into the shed ofthe loom in advance of the travel of the ller yarn inserting means andwithdrawn from the shed of the loom after the ller inserting means haspassed out of the warp whereby the ller yarn is looped around the lleryarn.

9. In combination with a loom having a ller yarn inserting needleoperable therewith, a plurality of spaced fingers extending warpwise ofthe loom mounted on the loom at one of the ends, a pair of verticallyoscillating frames on said loom, pile yarn guide bars slidably mountedon said frames at their forward ends, pile thread guides in spacedrelation with each other and with respect to the said ngers in saidguide bars, a cam on a power shaft of the said loom, operatingconnections from said cam to the said frames whereby the pile yarnguides are caused to travel into and out of the shed of the loom atpre-determined times, a second cam on a power shaft of the loom,connections between this second cam and the suide bars whereby the pileyarn suides are moved illlerwise on said frames. the nllerwise movementof the pileyarn guides being prior to their descent into the shed of theloom and the descent ot the Dile yarn guides being before the operationof the iiller inserting needle and retained in the shed during thetravel of the needle into and out of the shedded warp, whereby the pileyarn is woven into a series of loops around the said fingers and theilller yarn.

10. In combination with a, loom a pile yarn mechanism comprising a pairof vertically movable frames, pile yarn guide bars siidabie llerwise onthe forward ends of the said frames pile yarn guides in spaced relationwith each other in the said bars, ngers on the said loom extendingparallel with the warps in spaced relation with each other, the spacingof the ngersand the spacing of the pile yarn guides being the same,operating connections with the power mechanism of the loom whereby thepile yarn guides are shogged over the lingers at pre-determined times,and operating connections with the power mechanism of the loom wherebythe pile l yarn guides arey intermittently forced into and out of theshed of the loom at pre-determined times, the shogging of the guidesalways preceding the descent of the pile yarn guides, and the descentand ascent of each pile yarn guide being in the same plane.

1l. In combination with a loom a pile yarn inserting mechanismcomprising a pair of vertically movable frames, pile yarn guide barsslidable fillerwise on the forward ends of the said frames pile yarnguides in spaced relation with each other in the said bars, fingers onthe said loom extending parallel with the warps in spaced relationl witheach other, the spacing of the ngers and the spacing of the pile yarnguides being the same, operating connections with the power mechanism ofthe loom whereby the pile yarn guides are shogged over the lingers atpre-determined times, and operating connections with theI powermechanism of the loom whereby the pile yarn guides are intermittentlyforced into and out of the shed of the loom at pre-determined times, theshcgging of the guides always preceding the descent of the pile lyarnguides, and the descent and ascent of the pile yarn guides being in thesame plane.

each succeeding descent andiasoent of the guides being in dierentplanes. y

12. In combination with a loom a .pile yarn inserting mechanismcomprising a pair of vertically movable frames, pile yarn guide barsslidable iillerwise on the forward ends oi' the said frames pile yarnguides in spaced relation with each other in the said bars, ngers on thesaid loom extending parallel with the warps in spaced relation witheachother, knives in said fingers. the spacing of the fingers and thespacing of the pile yarn guides being the same, operating connectionswith the power mechanism of the loom whereby the pile yam guides areshogged over the lingers at pre-determined times, and operatingconnections with the power mechanism of the loom whereby the pile yarnguides are intermittently forced into and out of the shed of the loom atpre-determined times, the shogging of the guides always preceding thedescent of the pile yarn guides, and the descent and ascent of the pileyarn guides being in the same plane.

' EUGENE F. CLARK.

CES CITED The following references are of record in the ille of thispatent:

, UNITED STATES PATENTS Number

